Commonly known as the “Architect of the Poor,” Hassan Fathy was an Egyptian architect, artist, and poet whose work sought to reshape the very concept of architecture for marginalized communities. A recipient of both the Aga Khan Chairman’s Award for Architecture and the Alternative Nobel Prize in 1980, in a pivotal moment captured in the documentary Il ne suffit pas que Dieu soit avec les pauvres, Fathy, then 78, is interviewed on the rooftop of his Ottoman-Mamluk flat at the base of Cairo’s Citadel. Cloaked in brown, he paces against the sweeping backdrop of Cairo’s cityscape. When asked, “Who are you?” Fathy responds: “I am an Arab architect who has lost all reference points in Arab society, who has lost his arabité. I am searching for architecture and urbanism to rediscover my arabité.” In these few words, Fathy encapsulates the essence of his mission and his poetic approach to design.
Despite his profound influence, Fathy’s name is often omitted from mainstream 20th-century architectural history. His work, celebrated within the realm of critical regionalism, was long confined to the vernacular—a categorization that limited his legacy in the architectural canon. Yet, his unique vision and deep-rooted commitment to sustainable, culturally resonant design remain essential for anyone dedicated to rural development.
Fathy’s architectural philosophy championed low-cost housing that honored nature, heritage, and community, setting him apart from conventional modernist approaches. His work sought to elevate quality of life in rural areas by fostering a dignified, local environment. In celebration of his enduring legacy, we explore 15 of Fathy’s most significant projects, spanning Egypt and beyond.
New Gourna Village (1945-1948)
Perhaps Fathy’s best-known project, New Gourna Village became iconic largely due to his book Architecture for the Poor, which chronicled the project’s aspirations and challenges. The village was intended to offer a humane, culturally rooted living space, yet remains more famous for the questions it raises than for the solutions it offered.
Hamdi Seif al-Nasr House, Fayum
Set on a peninsula jutting into Lake Fayum, this house, designed as a retreat for the owner’s estate visits, embodies Fathy’s harmonious integration of architecture and environment. Raised on a man-made podium to avoid flooding, the house’s courtyard, dome, and interplay of open spaces reflect Fathy’s early innovative approach.
New Baris Village, Kharga
Dominating the later years of Fathy’s career, New Baris Village reflects his vision for a sustainable desert community. Located at Egypt’s geographic center, it was planned for 250 families, blending practicality with a commitment to affordable, self-sufficient architecture.
Andreoli Residence, Fayyum
Built for Katarina and Gerry Andreoli in the Tunis al-Gabal village area, this house showcases Fathy’s architectural sensitivity to local context, capturing the spirit of the Fayum oasis.
Shahira Mehrez Apartment, Cairo
One of Fathy’s earliest residential projects upon his return to Egypt, this apartment reflects his ability to transform even limited spaces. His redesign brought an intimate, personalized atmosphere to an otherwise ordinary high-rise flat.
Ceramics Factory, Qina
Created as part of a Jesuit craft center, this “low-tech” ceramics factory in Garagos was designed to improve village life through traditional craft, achieving functionality while embracing Fathy’s hallmark respect for culture and heritage.
Khalil al-Talhuni House, Jordan
This residence exemplifies Fathy’s attention to hospitality and social spaces. The exterior arcades create a welcoming setting that balances with the house’s interior privacy, showing his skill in crafting spaces that foster community and reflection.
Dar Al Islam, New Mexico
Fathy’s final community project, Dar al-Islam, was a collaborative effort to establish a spiritual and educational center in Abiquiu, New Mexico. Founded by Nuridin Durkee and backed by the Saudi royal family, it symbolizes Fathy’s lifelong commitment to architecture as a cultural bridge.
Beit ar-Rihan, Kuwait
Constructed for the al-Sabah family in brick, this residence faced structural challenges, requiring later restoration, but stands as a testament to Fathy’s architectural vision in adapting traditional forms for modern settings.
Hamed Said’s Studio, Cairo
Located in the al-Marg neighborhood, this studio is the first documented use of mud-brick construction by Fathy. Its vaulted loggia and lush palm grove surroundings.
